String Literal
A string literal is used to create a string value. A string literal consists of a sequence of zero or more Unicode Code Points.
Double Quoted String Literal
" StringCharacters* "
Here StringCharacters is an Unicode Code Point except 0xA | 0xD | \ | "
String Escape
\t | \n | \r | \\ | \"
Numeric Escape
u{ Digit+ }
✍ Syntax
Double Quoted String Literal
A string literal can be written by having the Unicode code points wrapped using two double quotes ".
" StringCharacters* "
Here StringCharacters is an Unicode Code Point except 0xA | 0xD | \ | "
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| import ballerina/io;
public function main() {
string en = "Hello, World!";
string zh = "你好世界！";
string hi = "नमस्ते दुनिया!";
string si = "හෙලෝ වර්ල්ඩ්!";
string emoji = "👋🌏";
io:println(en);
io:println(zh);
io:println(hi);
io:println(si);
io:println(emoji);
}
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bal run string_literal.balHello, World!
你好世界！
नमस्ते दुनिया!
හෙලෝ වර්ල්ඩ්!
👋🌏
bal versionBallerina 2201.6.0 (Swan Lake Update 6)
// Partial Code. Change View to see full code.
public function main() {
string en = "Hello, World!";
string zh = "你好世界！";
string hi = "नमस्ते दुनिया!";
string si = "හෙලෝ වර්ල්ඩ්!";
string emoji = "👋🌏";
}
// Highlights Only. Change View to see full code.
string en = "Hello, World!";
string zh = "你好世界！";
string hi = "नमस्ते दुनिया!";
string si = "හෙලෝ වර්ල්ඩ්!";
string emoji = "👋🌏";
Double Quoted String Literal
String Literal With Escape Characters
There are certain code points, that are not allowed inside a string literal.
You can use String Escape or Numeric Escape syntaxes to provide such code points.
String Escape syntax
\t | \n | \r | \\ | \"
This syntax starts with \, then followed by one of t, n, r, \, " letters.
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| import ballerina/io;
public function main() {
string tab = "tab :A\tB";
string newline = "newline :A\nB";
string carriageReturn = "carriageReturn :A\rB";
string backSlash = "backSlash :A\\B";
string doubleQuote = "doubleQuote :A\"B";
io:println(tab);
io:println(newline);
io:println(carriageReturn);
io:println(backSlash);
io:println(doubleQuote);
}
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bal run string_escape.baltab :A B
newline :A
B
carriageReturn :A
B
backSlash :A\B
doubleQuote :A"B
bal versionBallerina 2201.6.0 (Swan Lake Update 6)
// Partial Code. Change View to see full code.
public function main() {
string tab = "tab :A\tB";
string newline = "newline :A\nB";
string carriageReturn = "carriageReturn :A\rB";
string backSlash = "backSlash :A\\B";
string doubleQuote = "doubleQuote :A\"B";
}
// Highlights Only. Change View to see full code.
string tab = "tab :A\tB";
string newline = "newline :A\nB";
string carriageReturn = "carriageReturn :A\rB";
string backSlash = "backSlash :A\\B";
string doubleQuote = "doubleQuote :A\"B";
String Escape Example
Numeric Escape syntax
u{ Digit+ }
This syntax starts with u{, then hexadecimal numeral of the code point, followed by }.
The hexadecimal numeral is an integer n where 0 ≤ n < 0xD800 or 0xDFFF < n ≤ 0x10FFFF.
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| import ballerina/io;
public function main() {
string tab = "tab :A\u{9}B";
string newline = "newline :A\u{A}B";
string carriageReturn = "carriageReturn :A\u{D}B";
string backSlash = "backSlash :A\u{5C}B";
string doubleQuote = "doubleQuote :A\u{22}B";
io:println(tab);
io:println(newline);
io:println(carriageReturn);
io:println(backSlash);
io:println(doubleQuote);
}
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bal run numeric_escape.baltab :A B
newline :A
B
carriageReturn :A
B
backSlash :A\B
doubleQuote :A"B
bal versionBallerina 2201.6.0 (Swan Lake Update 6)
// Partial Code. Change View to see full code.
public function main() {
string tab = "tab :A\u{9}B";
string newline = "newline :A\u{A}B";
string carriageReturn = "carriageReturn :A\u{D}B";
string backSlash = "backSlash :A\u{5C}B";
string doubleQuote = "doubleQuote :A\u{22}B";
}
// Highlights Only. Change View to see full code.
string tab = "tab :A\u{9}B";
string newline = "newline :A\u{A}B";
string carriageReturn = "carriageReturn :A\u{D}B";
string backSlash = "backSlash :A\u{5C}B";
string doubleQuote = "doubleQuote :A\u{22}B";
Numeric Escape Example